Objective: We aimed to present the causes and locations of the peripheral nerve lesions secondary to different etiological factors. In addition, the clinical outcomes of surgical treatment were discussed based on the age, gender and other factors in the light of literature.

Material and Method: Forty-six patients with peripheral nerve lesion underwent surgical treatment in our department between January 2011 and January 2014. The mean age was 29 years (ranged 20-53 years) and 45 (98%) patients were male and one was female (2%). All patients underwent detailed neurological and electrophysiological evaluations in the preoperative period. All operations were performed under general anaesthesia. The nerve was intact in 41 (89%) cases, while neuroraphy was performed in 5 cases (11%) using nerve grafts. Sural nerve was selected as the nerve graft. Decompression and external neurolysis was preferred in most of the cases. Intraoperative neuromonitoring was used in 7 cases. The mean follow-up period was 9.7 months and statistical comparisons were made using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS)17.

Results: Of the 46 cases, 16 (34.8%) had entrapment neuropathy, 14 (30.4%) had gunshot injury, 8 had sharp laceration injury (17.4%), 4 had intramuscular injection (8.7%), 3 had blunt trauma (6.52%), and one had compression of the mass lesion (2.17%). The most common affected nerve was the peroneal nerve in 30.4% of the patients. This was followed by ulnar and sciatic nerve injuries. No vascular or neural complication had been observed after surgery. Postoperative neurological deterioration was also not observed in any case. Nineteen (41.3%) cases showed clinical impro-vement after surgery.

Conclusion: Good clinical outcomes can be obtained by surgical treatment in peripheral nerve lesions. Age is not a prognostic factor and intraoperative neuromonitoring contributes to good clinical outcome.