Many studies have been conducted on the potential role, on several diseases, of 23 Sirtuin (SIRT) family genes known as NAD + dependent class III deacetylase enzymes. Regarding the published literature, Sirtuins have been thought to play a significant role on the treatment of diabetes type II, obesity, cancer, aging, and several neuro-degenerative diseases. As a result of recent studies, in order to be able to study the role of SIRT genes on biological systems, which is providing positive results for the treatment of many diseases, it is important to understand the molecular and chemical structure of them.