Objective: In the study we aimed to determine the prevalence of chlamydia trachomatis infection and to find out whether there is a correlation between the presence of chlamydia trachomatis and the development of preterm delivery, PROM and abortion.

Material and Method: In this prospective study, 55 pregnant women with a preterm labor and/or premature rupture of membranes, 51 women with spontaneous abortion and 51 patients with uncomplicated pregnancies were analyzed. Presence of cervicitis on physical examination was noted. The prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis was analyzed with PCR in regard to the following parameters: age, gravidity, parity, abortion, livebirths, BMI (kg/m2), level of education, number of marriages, pelvic examination findings, smoking status, obstetric history of previous pregnancies and other comorbidities.

Results: The prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis in pregnant women and in pregnant women with preterm labor was found to be 1.2% and 3.6%, respectively. Following the pelvic examination 19 patients were diagnosed with cervicitis and their PCR analysis revealed 2 cases of chlamydia trachomatis infection; the comparison of these results with the rest of the pregnant women without cervicitis demonstrated a statistically significant difference (P <0.05).

Conclusion: Both of the PCR (+) cases in our study experienced pretermlabor; this finding, although statistically insignificant, is clinically a striking result. More research is needed to find out the definite relationship between chlamydia trachomatis and the complications of pregnancy.