Objective: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the knowledge level of physicians working in a university hospital about their rights and criminal responsibilities according to the legislation.

Material and Method: It is a cross-sectional study. A questionnaire was conducted between April 2022 and December 2022. In the questionnaire created by reviewing the literature, there were 41 questions in total, including the characteristics of the participants (20 questions), 4 questions about basic physician rights, 12 questions about criminal responsibilities, and 5 questions about basic legal knowledge.

Results: A total of 273 physicians participated; 53.5% of the participants were male, 68.8% were resident, and 67% were internal medicine physi-cians. The mean age was 34.7±9.9. In the multiple-choice questions, the average score obtained in the questions about fundamental rights, criminal responsibilities and basic legal knowledge was 11.34±2.64. The mean score was 2.43±1.04, in questions about physician rights, 6.82±1.80 in ques-tions about criminal liability, and 2.08±1.20 in questions about basic legal knowledge. There is a positive significant difference between the time spent in the profession and the status of being a faculty member and the level of knowledge in the field of medical law. Men averaged higher scores than women. Ninety point four percent of the physicians abstained from their patients.

Conclusion: It was detected that physicians did not have enough information. Physician\'s rights, criminal responsibilities and basic legal knowledge level increased with years spent in the profession, age and title progress. Men\'s knowledge level was better. It was observed that physicians with insufficient knowledge level abstained from their patients.