On the basis of clinical episodes with spontaneous clinical recoveries, normal cranial MRI and ruling out acute infection, our patient was diagnosed as Alternating hemiplegia of childhood. Although Alternating hemiplegia of childhood is clinically characterized with hemiplegia, dystonia, migraine and abnormal eye movements have also been reported in different cases
7,8, but to the best of our knowledge, no case of Alternating hemiplegia of childhood associated with ptosis has yet been described yet. Alternating hemiplegia of childhood is occasionally associated with migraine, but in most cases the cause is unknown. Alternating hemiplegia of childhood develops in infants and young children between birth and in the first six year of life
2,3. Hemisyndromes are more common in children and may be characterized by numbness of the face arm and leg; unilateral weakness; and aphasia. Rarely, both sides area involved during an attack. Choreaathetosis and dystonic movements are commonly observed of the hemiparetic extremity. These hemisyndromes are more than one attack is uncommon in the pediatric age group. There are two types; benign and classic Alternating hemiplegia of childhood. Frequent episodes o vasoconstriction associated with ischemia may result in irreversible cerebral injury leading to mental retardation and epilepsy in this subgroup of children.
5,6,8-10.
It might be said that the patient had two Alternating hemiplegia of childhood attacks with ptosis, if it is considered that the first attack occurred at home. It has been reported that the attacks of Alternating hemiplegia of childhood may result from cytotoxic edema of the related parts of the brain 2 and therefore acetazolamide has been useful in Alternating hemiplegia of childhood 11. In our case other occulomotor findings were not coexistent with bilateral ptosis. This suggests that Alternating hemiplegia of childhood can involve local neural fiber and be dispersed. Facial palsy was also seen rarely in Alternating hemiplegia of childhood. We did not find any literature except for that of Houriuchi, who reported supranuclear facial paralaysis 12. The patient is third attack went occured with central facial paralysis; this showed that the number might change according to the indolent place.
The fact that the attacks of our patient ended up in full recovery suggests that the prognosis of Alternating hemiplegia of childhood is excellent, but low intellectual status and progressive neurological deterioration may develop in time 2,3. Alternating hemiplegia of childhood can also be provoked by some other factors such as excitement, cold weather, hot weather, illness and emotional stress 2,4. Therefore, in our case, a non-specific upper respiratory tract infection was meaningful. Provocative factors for Alternating hemiplegia of childhood may be prevented and these measures might decrease the number of attacks.
Anticonvulsant and antimigraine medications have been used to prevent attacks or progression. As far as calcium channel-blocking agents including flunarizine have been useful 4. Thereafter, other medications such as IVIG, amantadin, carnitine, acetazolamide and corticosteroids are recommended to reduce the frequency of attacks 4,9,11-13. In our patient, flunarizine therapy was started to prevent a new attack of Alternating hemiplegia of childhood and she has remained free of symptoms with no residual signs during the 18-month follow-up period.
In conclusion, as in our case, different forms of Alternating hemiplegia of childhood may be seen and an attack including hemiplegia-ptosis may become an Alternating hemiplegia of childhood episode.