Objective: To examine the effect of X ray, lipiodol and melatonin used during HSG on hystopathologic changes in the rat uterus.

Material and Method: A total of 40 Spraque-Dawley type female rats were randomly allocated to 4 groups. Group 1 (n=10): Abdomen was opened and closed without X-ray exposure, group 3 (n=10): X-ray exposure, group 3 (n=10): Abdomen was opened and 0.1 ml Lipiodol was applied to each uterine horn, group 4 (n=10): 10 mg/kg/ip melatonin was administered and 15 minutes later, 0.1 ml Lipiodol was applied to each uterine horn. The rats in group 2, group 3 and group 4 were exposed to 3 doses of X-ray with 2-minute intervals after the closing of the abdomen (total dose = 15-20 milli Rad). The abdomen was opened 3 hours later in all rats. Uterine horn was removed and fixated in 10% formaldehyde. The preparations were examined under a light microscope to evaluate hystopathologic changes. Kruskal Wallis variance analysis was used of data.

Results: Endometrial ablation was found similar in all groups. Dysplasic changes and congestion were established to be significantly elevated in group 2, when compared to other groups (p<0.03). Fusiform structures in the myometrium were found significantly elevated in group 3, in comparison to other groups (p<0.03). Such structures were similar in group 1 and group 4.

Conclusion: HSG significantly increases dysplasic changes in the luminal epithelial cells. Lipiodol significantly reduces dysplasic modifications and increases fusiform structures in the myometrium. Lipiodol plus melatonine restore all the negative changes.