Urinary incontinence and overactive bladder disease, both of which have a detrimental impact on an individual’s quality of life are significant health issues that affect a considerable portion of society, particularly the elderly. For centuries, people have been attempting to remedy this disease symptomatically, and researches into the origin of the disease are still ongoing
6.
Gordon et al. 7 reported a potentially positive impact of Mg treatment on frequency, urgency and nocturia. According the study magnesium hydroxide therapy was very well tolerated. However, the number of patients in that study was lower than ours, and they had included only female patients and patients in specific age groups.
Mg prolongs muscle relaxation and prevents muscle spasms 8. According to in vitro studies, Mg was determined to suppress calcium ion flow across human detrusor membranes and reduce electrically induced and spontaneous muscle contractions 2. Due to these characteristics, it was included in our study, considering that it may affect overactive bladder and incontinence.
An amount equivalent to one-third of the daily Mg intake is excreted through the kidney 9. Mg homeostasis is regulated primarily in the nephron of the kidney 10. Mg excretion is raised by the kidneys in response to increasing food consumption or excessive Mg administration. In kidney failure, the fractional excretion of Mg increases gradually to maintain normal serum Mg levels until the late-stage hypomagnesemia occurs 11. In other words, the kidneys play a critical role in the regulation of Mg. Accordingly, we assessed kidney functions that could change the Mg balance in this study to ensure that it was optimized. The principal source of body Mg is bone. Whenever serum Mg levels are low, Mg is released rapidly from the surface of the bones 12. On the contrary, when serum Mg levels are high, the high level of Mg is bonded to the bone surface. Therefore, the D vit and phosphorus as hormones, Ca and parathormone, and also albumin to detect corrected Ca was evaluated among the patients to determine the vitamins and minerals, which may affect Mg metabolism and are essential in bone metabolism.
It was reported that low serum Mg levels were associated with inflammation 13. On the other hand, having high level of Mg was also associated with muscle weakness 14. From this perspective, a study like this was designed based on the hypothesis that ‘may Mg deficit or excess be effective on the pelvic floor muscles, which are extremely effective in the mechanism of incontinence?’
According our evaluation magnesium levels not statically significiant, because since magnesium deficiency is not very common, no deficiency was found in our crosssectional study, which was consistent with the general population.
Human bladder contraction mainly depends on Ca influx via L-type voltagegated Ca channels which is upregulated in overactive bladder. According our results via ROC analysis, Ca levels statistically significant so consistency with literature. At the same time, parathormone levels related to ca regulation were also significant according to our analysis.
Vit D receptors have been found bladder detrusor muscle 15. According to our ROC analysis, Vit D was statistically significant compared to the control group. Consistent with this result, involuntary bladder contractions are often attributed to an increased signaling of RhoA/ROCK pathway 16. Vit D receptor agonist able to inhibit RhoA/ROCK signaling bladder strips and human bladder cells 17.
In a study carried out by Almasganj et al. 18 30 patients with urge incontinence were given Mg hydroxide and concluded that the Mg group was more successful than the control group. In our opinion, the patient group in this study was insufficient. In addition, this study only addressed urge urinary incontinence. However, our study evaluated all types of incontinence.
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)