Objective: In this study, we aimed to search the occurrence of hematologic side effect during monotherapy or combinetherapy of pegyleinterferon and pegyleinterferon + lamivudin treatment in choronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients.

Materyal and Methods: In this study, a total of 54 patients with a diagnosis of CHB were grouped into four treatment groups: Patients in Group 1 received pegylated interferon-alpha 2a; patients in Group 2 received pegylated interferon-alpha 2a + lamivudine; patients in Group 3 received pegylated interferon-alpha 2b, and patients in Group 4 received pegylated interferon-alpha 2b + lamivudine treatment. Patients were examined for hematologic side effects at the 12th, 24th, and 48th weeks of treatment.

Results: There was no statistically significant difference among groups in the frequency of anemia and leucopenia during 12th, 24th, and 48th weeks of treatment. There was also no statistically significant difference among groups in the frequency of trombocytopenia in 12th weeks treatment. On the other hard, there was statistically significant difference between group 1 and 2 (group 2 had higher results ) in the frequency of trombocytopenia. Besides, the frequency of neutropenia was statistically different between group 2 and 3 (group 2 had higher results). There was no statistically difference among other groups in the frequency of trombocytopenia and neutropenia.

Conclusion: There was no statistically significant difference among groups having combinetherapy however they had higher rates of hematologic side effects, compared to monotherapy groups. In the groups, interferon and lamivudin combinetherapy was toxic to hematologic system, compoted to their monotherapia. More studies need to be done to support our conclusion.